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The purpose of this paper was to introduce the setting method of the three types of variable levels in the causal mediation effect analysis and the implementing calculation method under the condition of stratification by using SAS. The setting of the three types of variable levels referred to the setting of the levels of treatment variable， the mediator variable and the covariate. Besides， a specific level combination could also be set for two variables. Through an example， with the help of the enveluate statement in proc causualmed procedure， this paper used an example to conduct the causal mediation effect based on different variable stratification， and gave the output results and explanations.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of serum chromium on oral cancer after adjusting the covarite between groups based on propensity score matching (PSM). Methods We performed a case-control study in 395 cases of newly diagnosed primary oral cancer from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University and 1 240 controls from the same community from January 2010 to February 2018. Using the PSM to select 309 controls randomly which were matched with the cases by 1 ∶1 matching. Conditional Logistic regression model was used to explore the association between chromium and oral cancer. Results The level of serum chromium was 178.91 (121.83-284.19) μg/L in the case group, which was lower than 324.27 (264.82-397.69) μg/L in control group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.001). Dose-response analysis showed that the risk of oral cancer gradually decreased with the increase of serum chromium, which presented a negative correlation. There was a negative correlation between serum chromium level and the risk for oral cancer by conditional Logistic regression,the aOR of serum chromium in the Q2, Q3 and Q4 compared with the Q1 were 0.14 (0.08-0.26), 0.15 (0.08-0.28) and 0.10 (0.05-0.20),with significant trend (Ptrend＜0.001). Stratified analysis showed the negative correlation between serum chromium and oral cancer by smoking, drinking tea, not drinking alcohol status and fish, fruits and green vegetables intake frequencies. Conclusions The high level of serum chromium is a protective factor for the incidence of oral cancer, and the higher of serum chromium, the lower risk of developing oral cancer.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between selenium and the risk for oral cancer.@*Methods@#We performed a case-control study in 325 cases of newly diagnosed primary oral cancer from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University and 650 controls from the same hospital and community. Unconditional logistic regression and stratification analyses were used to explore the association between selenium and oral cancer. Adjusted OR and corresponding 95%CI were calculated. The analyses on multiple interactions between selenium and smoking or drinking status, and fruit or fish intake frequencies were conducted.@*Results@#The level of serum selenium was 112.42 (80.98-145.06) μg/L in the case group, which was lower than 164.85 (144.44-188.53) μg/L in control group, the difference was statistical significant (P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between serum selenium level and the risk for oral cancer regardless of smoking and drinking status, and fruits and fish intake frequencies (P<0.05). There were multiple interactions between serum selenium level and smoking or drinking status, and fruit and fish intakes.@*Conclusions@#The high level of serum selenium is a protective factor for the incidence of oral cancer, and serum selenium has multiple interactions with smoking or drinking status, and fruit and fish intakes. Therefore, reducing tobacco use and alcohol consumption and increasing the intakes of fruit and fish can reduce the risk for oral cancer to some extent.
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We evaluated body constituent patterns of 130 consecutive patients with symptomatic acute cerebral infarction. They comprise lacunar infarction (n = 47), atherothrombotic infarction (n = 70), cardiogenic embolism (n = 11), and other type of infarction (n = 2). We compared body constituent patterns between them and 93 consecutive patients with other neurological diseases of the same age. We used qi-ketsu-sui scores to evaluate body constituent patterns in all cases. Qi-ketsu-sui scores measure six factors : qi deficiency (kikyo), qi stagnation (kiutsu), qi counterflow (kigyaku), blood deficiency (kekkyo), blood stasis (oketsu), and fluid retention (suitai). As a result of multivariate model analysis, symptomatic acute cerebral infarction had the largest weight of blood stasis and an adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 4.6 (2.45-8.91). Even when gender as a confounding factor was adjusted by stratified analysis, adjusted odds ratios of blood stasis (95% confidence interval) were 7.46 (3.02-20.25) for males and 2.63 (1.02-7.11) for females, and those were maximum. The point (median, interquartile range) of blood stasis was more severe in acute cerebral infarction (24 points, 18-33 points) than other neurological diseases (16 points, 9-23 points). We examined relationships between body constituent patterns and clinical disease type, severity at hospitalization, and sex in patients with symptomatic acute cerebral infarction. Ratio of blood stasis was the largest in any clinical disease type, severity and sex. Blood stasis seemed to be the most important factor in symptomatic acute cerebral infarction.
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Objective To explore the relationship between the renal dysfunction rate and metabolic syndrome(MS),stratified by age. Methods People took part in physical check-up in a certain tertiary hospital from March 2010 to September 2012,were enrolled in this study. Estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),-a renal dysfunction indicator,was calculated by modified MDRD equation[<60 ml/min(1.73 m2)]. Associations between the renal dysfunction rate and factors as age,gender and MS traits,were assessed by stratified analysis. Results Eligible data from 75 469 subjects were used. The prevalence rates of renal dysfunctions appeared to be 0.05%,0.20%,1.68%in 18 to 44 year-olds(youth),45 to 59 year-olds(middle)and 60 year-olds or above(old),respectively. Participants with MS showed a significantly higher risk than those without,in the elderly only(P<0.05)but not in the other 2 groups(P>0.05). Participants with 2 components of MS in middle-aged, 3 or 5 components of MS in the elderly showed a significantly high incidence (P<0.05),but no significant differences seen in other subgroups(P>0.05). Increasing trend was not seen in all the 3 groups(P>0.05). Elevated blood pressure(BP+)in youth and middle-aged groups,decreased high density lipoprotein(HDL-C)in middle-aged and elderly groups and elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG+)in elderly group could all cause the abnormality rate of eGFR which showed significantly high incidence rates in the subgroup analysis(P<0.05). The maximum of population attributable risk proportion (PAR%) was 41.91% in youth when having elevated BP. Relationship between renal dysfunction rate and triglyeride(TG)/obesity was not identified. Conclusion The prevalence of renal dysfunction was found low,in Xuzhou. The incidence was not associated with the numbers but might relate to the nature of certain components of MS. Increased BP showed both short-term and mid-term effects. Decreased HDL-C,however,indicated both mid-term and long-term effects. The elevated FPG only appeared long-term effects. Increased TG and obesity did not show significant effects in these observed samples. PAR%of increased BP seemed to be the most important factors which might lead to renal dysfunction.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship between the renal dysfunction rate and metabolic syndrome(MS),stratified by age. Methods People took part in physical check-up in a certain tertiary hospital from March 2010 to September 2012,were enrolled in this study. Estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),-a renal dysfunction indicator,was calculated by modified MDRD equation[<60 ml/min(1.73 m2)]. Associations between the renal dysfunction rate and factors as age,gender and MS traits,were assessed by stratified analysis. Results Eligible data from 75 469 subjects were used. The prevalence rates of renal dysfunctions appeared to be 0.05%,0.20%,1.68%in 18 to 44 year-olds(youth),45 to 59 year-olds(middle)and 60 year-olds or above(old),respectively. Participants with MS showed a significantly higher risk than those without,in the elderly only(P<0.05)but not in the other 2 groups(P>0.05). Participants with 2 components of MS in middle-aged, 3 or 5 components of MS in the elderly showed a significantly high incidence (P<0.05),but no significant differences seen in other subgroups(P>0.05). Increasing trend was not seen in all the 3 groups(P>0.05). Elevated blood pressure(BP+)in youth and middle-aged groups,decreased high density lipoprotein(HDL-C)in middle-aged and elderly groups and elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG+)in elderly group could all cause the abnormality rate of eGFR which showed significantly high incidence rates in the subgroup analysis(P<0.05). The maximum of population attributable risk proportion (PAR%) was 41.91% in youth when having elevated BP. Relationship between renal dysfunction rate and triglyeride(TG)/obesity was not identified. Conclusion The prevalence of renal dysfunction was found low,in Xuzhou. The incidence was not associated with the numbers but might relate to the nature of certain components of MS. Increased BP showed both short-term and mid-term effects. Decreased HDL-C,however,indicated both mid-term and long-term effects. The elevated FPG only appeared long-term effects. Increased TG and obesity did not show significant effects in these observed samples. PAR%of increased BP seemed to be the most important factors which might lead to renal dysfunction.